Introduction
„Czerwone maki na Monte Cassino” („The Red Poppies on Monte Cassino”) is not just a song; it is a powerful anthem that commemorates the bravery and sacrifice of Polish soldiers during World War II. This poignant song, written in 1944, has become an enduring symbol of Polish patriotism and resilience. This article delves into the history of the song, its lyrics, and its lasting impact on Polish culture.
Historical Background
The Battle of Monte Cassino was a crucial campaign during World War II, involving a series of assaults by the Allies against the German defensive line in Italy. Polish II Corps, led by General Władysław Anders, played a significant role in the final successful assault on the Monte Cassino Abbey in May 1944. The battle was one of the bloodiest of the war, with heavy casualties on both sides. The song „Czerwone maki na Monte Cassino” was written to honor the fallen Polish soldiers who fought bravely in this battle.
Creation of the Song
The lyrics of „Czerwone maki na Monte Cassino” were penned by Feliks Konarski (writing under the pseudonym Ref-Ren), a Polish poet and soldier. The music was composed by Alfred Schütz. The song was written immediately after the battle, capturing the raw emotion and profound loss experienced by the Polish forces. It was first performed by the Polish Soldiers’ Theatre in Italy and quickly became a beloved and iconic piece of music.
Lyrics and Themes
The lyrics of „Czerwone maki na Monte Cassino” are both haunting and poignant. They speak of the red poppies that bloom on the battlefield, nourished by the blood of fallen soldiers. The song captures the sorrow of loss, the bravery of the soldiers, and the enduring hope for freedom. The refrain, „Czerwone maki na Monte Cassino, zamiast rosy piły polską krew,” translates to „The red poppies on Monte Cassino, instead of dew, drank Polish blood.” This vivid imagery serves as a powerful reminder of the sacrifices made.
Musical Composition
The melody of „Czerwone maki na Monte Cassino” is solemn yet uplifting, perfectly complementing the gravity of the lyrics. The song’s structure and orchestration enhance its emotional impact, making it a moving tribute to the fallen soldiers. The music, combined with the poignant lyrics, creates a lasting impression on listeners, evoking a sense of pride and sorrow.
Cultural Impact
Since its creation, „Czerwone maki na Monte Cassino” has held a special place in Polish culture and history. It is often performed at national commemorations, military ceremonies, and patriotic events. The song serves as a reminder of the bravery and sacrifice of the Polish soldiers who fought for freedom during World War II. It has also been covered by numerous artists over the years, each rendition keeping the memory of the Battle of Monte Cassino alive.
Link to song: https://youtu.be/Iab33qfDW-g?si=dgv3FxBNw42f35Ek
Text in english:
Do you see those ruins on the hilltop?
There your enemy hides like a rat.
You must, you must, you must
Grab him by the neck and throw him from the clouds.
And they went, crazy and fierce,
And they went to kill and avenge,
And they went as always, stubborn,
As always, to fight for honor.
Red poppies on Monte Cassino
Instead of dew drank Polish blood.
Through those poppies, a soldier walked and died,
But anger was stronger than death.
Years will pass and centuries will go by.
Traces of old days will remain,
And all the poppies on Monte Cassino
Will be redder because they grew from Polish blood.
They rushed through the fire, the doomed ones,
Many got hit and fell,
Like those madmen from Somosierra,
Like those from Racławice years ago.
They rushed with insane momentum,
And they made it. The assault succeeded.
And their white-red flag
They planted on the ruins among the clouds.
Red poppies on Monte Cassino
Instead of dew drank Polish blood.
Through those poppies, a soldier walked and died,
But anger was stronger than death.
Years will pass and centuries will go by.
Traces of old days will remain,
And all the poppies on Monte Cassino
Will be redder because they grew from Polish blood.
Do you see that row of white crosses?
There, a Pole took a vow with honor.
Go forward, the further, the higher,
The more of them you’ll find at your feet.
This land belongs to Poland,
Though Poland is far from here,
Because freedom is measured by crosses,
History has this one flaw.
Red poppies on Monte Cassino
Instead of dew drank Polish blood.
Through those poppies, a soldier walked and died,
But anger was stronger than death.
Years will pass and centuries will go by.
Traces of old days will remain,
And all the poppies on Monte Cassino
Will be redder because they grew from Polish blood.